The inner curtain wall is a high, thick stone defense ring surrounding the core ward of a medieval castle. It stands taller than the outer wall to let archers shoot over it and acts as a final inner barrier if attackers breach the perimeter.

Structural Design:
Height and Position: Built significantly taller than the outer curtain wall in concentric castle designs, allowing defenders to fire over the outer ring.

Thickness: Often several meters wide, constructed with an outer shell of fine ashlar stone and an inner core filled with rubble and strong mortar.

Integrated Towers: Reinforced at regular intervals with round or square flanking towers that project outward to eliminate blind spots.

Defensive Features:
Wall Walk (Rampart Walk): A protected pathway along the top of the wall enabling soldiers to quickly move between towers and respond to breaches.

Battlements and Crenellations: Topped with alternating solid stone blocks (merlons) for cover and open gaps (crenels) for shooting or observing the enemy.

Arrow Loops (Embrasures): Narrow vertical slits cut into the stone, splayed wider on the inside to give archers a broad field of fire while exposing them to minimal incoming missile fire.