A castle turret is a small, projecting tower that rises vertically from a wall or corner rather than starting at the ground. Key features include corbels for structural support, arrow loops for defense, and conical or crenellated roofs.

Design Characteristics:
Placement: Positioned on corners, angles, or flanking gates and curtain walls to eliminate blind spots.

Support: Often built on a corbel (a projecting stone or timber bracket) because they do not reach the ground, creating a cantilevered effect that reduces weight load on lower foundations.

Shape: Designed as round, square, or polygonal structures.

Roof Types: Finished with flat roofs, conical pointed caps, or open platforms surrounded by battlements.

Military Functions:
Observation: Offered guards a near 360-degree line of sight to spot approaching enemies from far away.

Flanking Fire: Allowed archers and defenders to shoot sideways along adjacent walls (enfilade fire) to protect the base of the fortress.

Arrow Loops: Frequently pierced with narrow vertical slits (loopholes) that let defenders fire arrows or crossbolts while staying hidden and safe.

Interior Layout:
Spiral Staircases: Often housed tight, clockwise winding stone stairs that made it hard for advancing sword-wielding attackers to swing effectively.

Garrison Space: Provided tiny guard chambers or upper standing platforms rather than large, habitable living quarters.